What are Fundaments Duties ? | Duties of Indian Citizen |

 Ever since we started studying Civics or Political Science in our School we all must have come across the name "Fundamental Rights" we all know that our Indian Constitution is the lengthiest Constitution in the world, India itself is the worlds biggest Democracy it is because the enormous rights our constitution provides us. Fundaments rights are enshrined in Part-III of the Constitution from Articles 14 to 32. Seven Fundamental rights were written in the Constitution however the Right to Property was removed as a Fundamental Right by the 44th Constitutional Amendment of 1976 since then is has been made a legal right. 

We need to remind ourselves that if the Constitution provides us Fundamental Rights then there are some Fundamental Duties also which every citizen is entitled to do. The only difference between Rights and Duties are that Fundamental Rights are "Justiciable" and Fundamental Duties are "Non- Justiciable". Justiciable means that no one even the government or parliament itself can curb our rights and it do so then we have a right to approach the Court which will restrain the Government from doing so.

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Fundamental Duties were added in our Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act in the year 1976. They are listed in Part IV-A of the Constitution under Article 51-A. There are in total 11 Fundamental Duties:

1. To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and National Anthem.
2. To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom.
3. To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
4. To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
5. To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities, to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
6. To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
7. To protect and to improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures.
8. To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
9. To safeguard public property and to abjure violence.
10. To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement.
11. Who is a parent or a guardian to provide opportunities for education to his/her child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years.

Initially, there were ten Fundamental Duties which were introduced in 1976. But, now they are eleven. The last one was added in 2002 by the 86th Amendment of the Constitution along with the Right to Education under Article 21-A. As such the duty mentioned as (11) is complementary to the Right to Education. Therefore, it is the duty of the parents to make best use of the Right to Education.

-Written by Sujal Vishwakarma

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-Content Source: Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties (www.nios.ac.in)